How humanity discovered the universe

Ancient Astronomy

Babylonian Astronomy

Egyptian Astronomy

Greek Astronomy

Roman Astronomy

Islamic Golden Age Astronomy

Chinese Astronomy

Indian Astronomy

Mayan Astronomy

Renaissance Astronomy

The Scientific Revolution

Modern Astronomy

Space Age Astronomy

Contemporary Astronomy

Ancient Astronomy

The earliest astronomy — from Babylon, Egypt, Greece, China, India, and the Maya.

Greek Astronomy

The Greco-Roman thinkers who made astronomy a geometric science.

Islamic Golden Age Astronomy

The astronomers who preserved and transformed the science across the medieval Islamic world.

Renaissance Astronomy

Copernicus, Tycho, and the reopening of the cosmos to bold reform.

Modern Astronomy

Spectroscopy, photography, and the discovery of galaxies and the expanding universe.

Women in Astronomy

Astronomers whose work reshaped our understanding of the universe.

Astronomers A–Z

Every astronomer in the encyclopedia, alphabetically.

Scientific Discoveries

The great discoveries in the history of astronomy, in chronological order.

Historic Publications

The landmark books and treatises that changed astronomy.

History of Telescopes

From the first spyglass to space observatories.

History of Observatories

The great observatories, from Maragha and Samarkand to Greenwich and Paranal.

History of Space Exploration

Discoveries of the space age, when astronomy left the atmosphere behind.

History of Cosmology

How we came to understand the origin, expansion, and contents of the universe.

History of Exoplanets

The discovery of worlds beyond the Solar System.

History of Black Holes

From a theoretical prediction to the first image of a black hole.

Nobel Prize Laureates in Astronomy

Astronomers in this encyclopedia honoured with the Nobel Prize in Physics.