The history of reaching into space
Every mission, spacecraft, launch vehicle, agency, astronaut, and instrument as a first-class knowledge-graph entity — 65 missions across 178 interconnected records, from Sputnik to the James Webb Space Telescope.
16 space agencies · 23 mission programs · 20 launch vehicles · 15 launch sites · 65 space missions · 10 spacecraft · 19 astronauts · 10 scientific instruments
Landmark missions
All missions →| Mission | Type | Agency | Launch | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viking 1Mars | Orbiter and lander | NASA | 1975-08-20 | Completed |
| Voyager 2Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune | Grand tour and interstellar | NASA | 1977-08-20 | Active |
| Voyager 1Jupiter, Saturn, interstellar space | Flyby and interstellar | NASA | 1977-09-05 | Active |
| MagellanVenus | Orbiter | NASA | 1989-05-04 | Completed |
| GalileoJupiter | Orbiter and atmospheric probe | NASA | 1989-10-18 | Completed |
| Hubble Space TelescopeLow Earth orbit | Space telescope | NASA | 1990-04-24 | Active |
| Cassini–HuygensSaturn | Orbiter and lander | NASA | 1997-10-15 | Completed |
| HayabusaAsteroid Itokawa | Sample return | JAXA | 2003-05-09 | Completed |
| Mars ExpressMars | Orbiter | ESA | 2003-06-02 | Active |
| Opportunity (MER-B)Mars | Rover | NASA | 2003-07-07 | Completed |
Discover
All Missions
Every space mission in the encyclopedia, by launch date.
Human Spaceflight
Crewed missions, from the first flights to the Moon landings.
Moon Missions
Missions that have explored Earth's Moon.
Mars Missions
Orbiters, landers, and rovers that have explored Mars.
Jupiter Missions
Spacecraft that have explored Jupiter and its moons.
Saturn Missions
Missions to Saturn, its rings, and its moons.
Solar Missions
Spacecraft that study the Sun up close.
Deep Space Missions
Missions to the outer planets, dwarf planets, and beyond.
Planetary Orbiters
Missions that entered orbit around another world.
Planetary Landers
Missions that touched down on another world.
Planetary Rovers
Robotic rovers that have driven across other worlds.
Sample Return Missions
Missions that brought pieces of other worlds back to Earth.
Historic Missions
The pioneering missions of the early Space Age (pre-1980).
Mission Programs
The great programs of human and robotic exploration.
Launch Vehicles
The rockets that carry missions to space.
Launch Sites
The spaceports of the world.
Space Agencies
National and intergovernmental space agencies and providers.
Astronauts & Cosmonauts
The people who have flown into space.
Spacecraft
The rovers, landers, and probes that do the exploring.
Scientific Instruments
The cameras, spectrometers, and sensors that gather the data.
By agency
Data & provenance
The exploration encyclopedia is curated from authoritative public sources — NASA, ESA, JPL, and the world's national space agencies. Mission histories, launch dates, and discoveries are well-established public facts; uncertain values are omitted rather than invented. See the source quality page.