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Loading contentA joint ESA/NASA solar observatory at the Sun–Earth L1 point, operating since 1995. Its coronagraphs image coronal mass ejections and it is a workhorse of space-weather monitoring (and a prolific comet discoverer).
space_mission:sohoDataset membership
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How SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) connects across Asteria Star — scientific, cultural, and astrological links are kept separate.
A sudden, intense burst of radiation from the Sun's surface, released when magnetic energy in the corona is explosively reconfigured. The X-rays arrive in minutes and can ionise Earth's upper atmosphere, causing radio blackouts.
An enormous eruption of magnetised plasma from the Sun's corona, launching billions of tonnes of material into space. When aimed at Earth, a CME can drive the largest geomagnetic storms one to three days later.
The Sun's outermost atmosphere — a tenuous, million-degree plasma extending millions of kilometres into space, visible to the eye only during a total solar eclipse or with a coronagraph. Far hotter than the surface beneath it, it is shaped by magnetic fields into loops, holes, and streamers, and it continually expands outward as the solar wind.
A NASA mission at the Sun–Earth L1 point that measures the solar wind and energetic particles upstream of Earth, giving roughly an hour of warning before disturbances reach the planet.
ESA's Asteroid Impact Mission — the original European orbiter half of the AIDA collaboration, meant to observe the DART impact in real time. It was not funded in 2016, but its science was largely revived and reshaped as the Hera mission.
Apollo 11 was the NASA mission that in July 1969 first landed humans on the Moon, with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walking on the lunar surface.
Apollo 13's planned lunar landing was aborted after an oxygen-tank explosion; the crew returned safely in a celebrated rescue.
Apollo 17 was the final crewed Apollo lunar landing, carrying the first scientist-astronaut to the Moon.
Apollo 8 was the first crewed mission to leave Earth orbit and orbit the Moon, returning the famous 'Earthrise' photograph.
Facts on this topic will be cited from these primary and reference sources.
European missions, observatories, and space science imagery.
Mission data, planetary science, space telescopes, and public-domain imagery.
Most NASA-produced imagery is in the public domain; individual items are checked for usage terms before publication.