Solar & space-weather phenomenon · Near-Earth environment
The Ionosphere
The ionised layer of Earth's upper atmosphere, created by solar ultraviolet and X-ray radiation. It reflects and refracts radio waves — enabling long-distance HF communication — but solar flares and geomagnetic storms disturb it, causing radio blackouts and errors in satellite navigation.
Drivers, environments & assets
Across space weather
Knowledge connections
- Associated withAurora
- Associated withNOAA R-Scale (Radio Blackouts)
- Associated withRadio Communications
- Associated withGPS & Navigation
- Associated withGPS & Navigation
- Associated withRadio Communications
Sources
The primary and reference sources this topic draws on.
- NOAA SWPCNOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
Space-weather forecasts and alerts: aurora (OVATION), the Kp index, and the G1–G5 geomagnetic storm scale.