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Loading contentThe orbiting observatories that opened new windows on the universe.
1990
Hubble Space TelescopeVisible, ultraviolet, and near-infrared from low Earth orbit.
2003
Spitzer Space TelescopeAn infrared observatory; retired in 2020.
2009
Kepler Space TelescopeDiscovered thousands of exoplanets by the transit method.
2018
TESSAn all-sky survey for transiting exoplanets.
2021
James Webb Space TelescopeThe great infrared observatory at L2.
Facts on this topic will be cited from these primary and reference sources.
Mission data, planetary science, space telescopes, and public-domain imagery.
Most NASA-produced imagery is in the public domain; individual items are checked for usage terms before publication.
European missions, observatories, and space science imagery.