Planck

Overview

ESA's Planck mission (2009–2013) mapped the cosmic microwave background with unprecedented precision, refining the age and composition of the universe.

Observing bands

Knowledge connections

• Operated byESA
• ObservesSubmillimeter
• ObservesRadio
• MeasuresCosmic Inflation
• MeasuresReionization
• MeasuresThe Hubble Constant
• MeasuresThe Hubble Tension
• MeasuresThe Cosmic Microwave Background
• MeasuresDark Matter
• Associated withMatter Density (Ωm)
• Associated withDark Energy Density (ΩΛ)

Sources

Facts on this topic will be cited from these primary and reference sources.

• ESAEuropean Space Agency

  European missions, observatories, and space science imagery.