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Quantum physics · Δx · Δp ≥ ħ/2

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

The fundamental limit that a particle's position and momentum cannot both be known with arbitrary precision — a property of quantum nature itself, not of imperfect instruments. Together with the Pauli exclusion principle it sets the scale of the degeneracy pressure — the resistance of fermions such as electrons and neutrons to being crowded together — that holds up white dwarfs and neutron stars against gravity.

Highlights

  • The quantum limit that supports white dwarfs and neutron stars

Across fundamental physics

Knowledge connections

Sources

The primary and reference sources this topic draws on.

  • NASANational Aeronautics and Space Administration

    Mission data, planetary science, space telescopes, and public-domain imagery.

    Most NASA-produced imagery is in the public domain; individual items are checked for usage terms before publication.