Loading…
Loading contentLoading…
Loading contentElectric heaters and passive heat pipes that keep components — propellant lines, batteries, instruments — above their minimum temperatures, moving heat from where it is made to where it is needed or shed.
Facts on this topic will be cited from these primary and reference sources.
Mission data, planetary science, space telescopes, and public-domain imagery.
Most NASA-produced imagery is in the public domain; individual items are checked for usage terms before publication.