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Loading contentA global index of geomagnetic activity, derived from magnetometer readings and reported every three hours on a scale of 0 (quiet) to 9 (extreme storm). Kp is the standard measure used to forecast auroras and satellite disturbances.
Facts on this topic will be cited from these primary and reference sources.
Public-domain solar-position geometry: sunrise, sunset, solar noon, twilight, declination, and the equation of time.
Public domain (US Government work).