Operations Centres

China's principal mission-control centre in Beijing, which directs the country's human-spaceflight, lunar (Chang'e), and planetary (Tianwen) missions.

ESA's mission-control centre in Darmstadt, Germany, from which the agency operates its scientific and interplanetary spacecraft through the Estrack network.

NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland operates many Earth-orbiting and astrophysics missions and hosts the Near Space Network's control functions.

ISRO's network and operations organisation, headquartered in Bengaluru, which provides tracking and mission operations for India's Earth-orbiting and deep-space missions.

JAXA operates its science and deep-space missions from centres including the Sagamihara campus (ISAS) and the Tsukuba Space Center, working with the Usuda deep-space antenna.

NASA's iconic human-spaceflight control room at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, which has directed crewed missions from Gemini and Apollo to the International Space Station.

NASA's nerve centre for deep-space missions, at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena. From the SFOF, controllers command and monitor spacecraft across the Solar System through the Deep Space Network.

Roscosmos's Mission Control Center in Korolyov, near Moscow, which directs Russian human spaceflight and the Russian segment of the International Space Station.