Crewed Spacecraft

Crewed capsule · since 1961

Vostok was the first crewed spacecraft, carrying a single cosmonaut; Vostok 1 made Yuri Gagarin the first human in space.

Crewed capsule · since 1964

Voskhod was a modified Vostok that carried multi-person crews and supported the first spacewalk.

Crewed capsule · since 1967

The Soyuz spacecraft has carried crews to orbit for over five decades and remains a primary means of reaching the ISS.

Crewed capsule · since 1968

The Apollo Command and Service Module carried three astronauts to lunar orbit and back; the Command Module was the only part to return to Earth.

Crewed lunar lander · since 1969

The Apollo Lunar Module was the two-stage craft that carried two astronauts from lunar orbit to the surface of the Moon and back.

Reusable spaceplane · since 1981

The Space Shuttle Orbiter was a reusable crewed spaceplane that flew 135 missions, deploying satellites and assembling much of the ISS.

Crewed capsule · since 2020

Crew Dragon is SpaceX's crewed spacecraft, which returned human launch capability to the United States in 2020 under NASA's Commercial Crew Program.

Crewed capsule · since 2019

Boeing's Starliner is a crewed capsule developed under NASA's Commercial Crew Program; it flew its Crew Flight Test to the ISS in 2024.

Crewed capsule · since 2014

Orion is NASA's deep-space crew vehicle for the Artemis program, with a European Service Module built by ESA; it flew uncrewed around the Moon on Artemis I.

Crewed capsule · since 1999

Shenzhou is China's crewed spacecraft, derived from Soyuz heritage, which carries taikonauts to the Tiangong space station.

Reusable spaceplane

Dream Chaser is a reusable lifting-body spaceplane by Sierra Space; first designed for crew under the Commercial Crew competition, its initial Tenacity vehicle is configured to deliver cargo to the ISS.