Skip to content
AsteriaStar
High-energy & quantum cosmology

The GZK Limit

A theoretical ceiling on the energy of cosmic-ray protons that reach us from far away: above roughly 5×10¹⁹ electronvolts they collide with cosmic-microwave-background photons and lose energy, so the highest-energy cosmic rays must originate relatively nearby. Observatories studying the ultra-high-energy sky test this predicted cutoff.

Highlights

  • A cosmic-ray energy ceiling set by the microwave background

Knowledge connections

Sources

The primary and reference sources this topic draws on.

  • NASANational Aeronautics and Space Administration

    Mission data, planetary science, space telescopes, and public-domain imagery.

    Most NASA-produced imagery is in the public domain; individual items are checked for usage terms before publication.