Detection method
Transit Timing Variations
Detecting planets from the gravitational tug they exert on other transiting planets.
Exoplanets
How it works
In a multi-planet system, planets pull on each other, making transits arrive slightly early or late in a pattern that reveals additional or unseen planets.
Strengths and limitations
Requires a system already known to have transiting planets.
Example exoplanets
| Planet | Class | Host | Radius (R⊕) | Period (d) | Distance (ly) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU Mic dTransit Timing Variations · 2023 | Terrestrial planet | AU Mic | 1.02 | 12.736 | 32 |
| Kepler-122 fTransit Timing Variations · 2014 | Super-Earth | Kepler-122 | 1.75 | 56.268 | 3352 |
| Kepler-138 eTransit Timing Variations · 2022 | Terrestrial planet | Kepler-138 | 0.8 | 38.23 | 218 |
| Kepler-139 fTransit Timing Variations · 2025 | Gas giant | Kepler-139 | 6.67 | 355 | 1276 |
| Kepler-19 cTransit Timing Variations · 2011 | Mini-Neptune | Kepler-19 | 3.68 | 28.731 | 713 |
| Kepler-338 eTransit Timing Variations · 2014 | Terrestrial planet | Kepler-338 | 1.56 | 9.341 | 1803 |
| Kepler-37 eTransit Timing Variations · 2014 | Terrestrial planet | Kepler-37 | 0.37 | 51.196 | 209 |
| Kepler-411 eTransit Timing Variations · 2018 | Mini-Neptune | Kepler-411 | 3.28 | 31.5097 | 501 |
| Kepler-416 bTransit Timing Variations · 2014 | Mini-Neptune | Kepler-416 | 2.48 | 6.319 | 2253 |
| Kepler-416 cTransit Timing Variations · 2014 | Super-Earth | Kepler-416 | 2.35 | 12.209 | 2253 |
| Kepler-46 cTransit Timing Variations · 2012 | Gas giant | Kepler-46 | 13.5 | 57.011 | 2535 |
| Kepler-51 eTransit Timing Variations · 2024 | Super-Earth | Kepler-51 | 2.18 | 264 | 2557 |