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Loading contentModels in which the Universe undergoes repeated cycles of expansion and contraction, or a 'bounce' instead of a singular beginning.
Cyclic and bouncing models propose that the Big Bang was not the absolute beginning but a transition from a previous phase, potentially avoiding the initial singularity. Examples include the ekpyrotic model and various quantum-bounce scenarios.
Facts on this topic will be cited from these primary and reference sources.
Mission data, planetary science, space telescopes, and public-domain imagery.
Most NASA-produced imagery is in the public domain; individual items are checked for usage terms before publication.