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Orbital mechanics

Orbital Perturbations

The small departures of a real orbit from a perfect two-body ellipse — caused by the pull of other bodies, a planet's equatorial bulge, atmospheric drag, and radiation. They accumulate over time, which is why orbits must be tracked and recomputed continually.

Across celestial mechanics

Knowledge connections

Sources

The primary and reference sources this topic draws on.

  • NASA JPLJet Propulsion Laboratory / Solar System Dynamics

    Orbital data, ephemerides, and small-body parameters for planets, asteroids, and comets.