Orbital mechanics · v = √(GM / r)

Circular Orbital Velocity

The speed of a body on a circular orbit at a given distance from a central mass. The Earth circles the Sun at about 29.8 km/s.

Central mass (M☉)Orbital radius (AU)

Orbital velocity29.789km/s

Formula: v = √(GM / r)

Worked example

With the default inputs, circular orbital velocity evaluates to 29.789 km/s — Earth's orbit → 29.78 km/s. The validator recomputes this against the known value on every build, so the formula is checked, not asserted.

Highlights

›Earth's orbit: 29.78 km/s

Universal Gravitation

Knowledge connections

Associated withUniversal Gravitation

Sources

Facts on this topic will be cited from these primary and reference sources.

NASANational Aeronautics and Space Administration
Mission data, planetary science, space telescopes, and public-domain imagery.
Most NASA-produced imagery is in the public domain; individual items are checked for usage terms before publication.

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Circular Orbital Velocity

Worked example

Highlights

The physics behind it

Knowledge connections

Sources

Circular Orbital Velocity

Worked example

Highlights

The physics behind it

Knowledge connections

Sources